PENGARUH GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL TERHADAP PERILAKU KERJA INOVATIF
Abstract
Abstrak
Kajian dalam penelitin ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tentang dampak penerapan gaya kepemimpinan transformasional terhadap perilaku kerja inovatif pada staf manajerial pemerintah daerah di wilayah Sumatera Utara. Selanjutnya, metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kuantitatif sedangkan dalam penarikan sampel menggunakan random sampling, dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 786 responden yaitu para pegawai Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) Pemerintah Daerah. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah melalui penyebaran kuesioner yang diukur berdasarkan skala likert. Selanjutnya, analisis data yang diperoleh diolah dengan bantuan software Smart PLS 3.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan transformasional terhadap perilaku kerja inovatif, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan melalui peningkatan penerapan gaya kepemimpinan transformasional maka dapat ditingkatkan perilaku kerja inovatif ASN pemerintah daerah khususnya di wilayah provinsi Sumatera Utara. Lebih lanjut, pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan transformasional di sektor publik menguntungkan hubungan antara pemimpin dan bawahannya karena potensi hambatan inovasi yang dipersepsikan oleh bawahan disingkirkan atau dihilangkan oleh pemberdayaan psikologis dan komitmen afektif ASN.
Kata kunci: gaya kepemimpinan transformasional; perilaku kerja inovatif; ASN
Abstract
The study in this research aims to find out the impact of implementing a transformational leadership style on innovative work behavior in regional government managerial staff in the North Sumatra region. Furthermore, the method used in this research is a quantitative descriptive method, while sampling uses random sampling, with a total of 786 respondents, namely local government Civil Service (ASN) employees. Data was collected through distributing questionnaires which were measured based on a likert scale. Next, the data obtained was processed with the help of Smart PLS 3.0 software. The results of the research show that there is an influence of the transformational leadership style on innovative work behavior, so it can be concluded that by increasing the application of the transformational leadership style, the innovative work behavior of local government ASN can be improved, especially in the North Sumatra province. Furthermore, the influence of the transformational leadership style in the public sector benefits the relationship between leaders and their subordinates because potential barriers to innovation perceived by subordinates are removed or eliminated by the psychological empowerment and affective commitment of ASNs.
Keywords: transformational leadership style; innovative work behavior; ASN
References
Afsar, B., F., Badir, Y., & Bin Saeed, B. (2014). Transformational leadership and innovative work behavior. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 114(8), 1270–1300. doi:10.1108/IMDS-05-2014-0152
Amo, B.W., & Kolvereid, L. (2005). Organizational strategy, individual personality and innovation behavior. Journal of Entreprising Culture, 13(1), 7-20.
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2020). Sumatera Utara dalam angka 2022. Medan: Badan Pusat Statistik. https://sumut.bps.go.id. Februari 2022
Bartos, S. (2003). Creating and sustaining innovation. Australian Journal of Public Administration, 62(1), 09-14.
Borins, S. (2002), “Leadership and innovation in the public sector”, Leadership and Organization Development Journal, Vol. 23 No. 8, pp. 467-476.
Breul, J.D. and Kamensky, J.M. (2008) Federal government reform: Lessons from Clinton’s ‘‘Reinventing Government’’ and Bush’s ‘‘Management Agenda’’ initiatives. Public Administration Review 68:1009–26.
Bos-Nehles, A., Renkema, M. and Janssen, M. (2017b), “HRM and innovative work behaviour: a systematic literature review”, Personnel Review, Vol. 46 No. 7, pp. 1228-1253.
Carmeli, A., Meitar, R. and Weisberg, J. (2006), “Self-leadership skills and innovative behavior at work”, International Journal of Man power, Vol. 27 No. 1, pp. 75-90.
Chen, Anlindan Kao, dan Lanfeng. 2005. “The Conflict Between Agency Theory and Corporate Control in Managerial Ownership: The Evidence from Taiwan IPO Performance”. International Journal of Business, 10(1)
Damanpour, F., & Schneider, M. (2009). Characteristics of innovation and innovation adoption in public organizations: Assessing the role of managers. Journal of public administration research and theory, 19(3), 495-522.
De Jong, J., & Den Hartog, D., (2010). Measuring inovative work behavior. Journal of Creativity And Inovation Management, 19, (1) , 23-36. doi: 10.1111/j.1467- 8691.2010.00547.x
Gomez, C., dan Rosen, B. 2001. The leader-member exchange as a link between managerial trust and employee empowerment, Group & Organizational Management, 1 (1): 93-113.
Hartmann L. and Bambacas L. 2000. "Organizational Commitment: A Multi Method Scale Analysis and Test of Effects". International Journal of Organizational Analysis. 8 (1): 89-108.
Jafri, Mohd Hassan, 2010, Organizational Commitment and Employee’s Innovative Behavior, Journal of Management Research Vol. 10, No. 1, 62- 68.
Kementerian Pendagunaan Aparatur Negara, 2021. Laporan Kinerja Efektivitas Pemerintah.
Knol, J.& Van Linge, R. (2009). Innovative Behaviour: The Effect of Structural and Psychological Empowerment on Nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing 65(2):359-70.
Liden, R. C., & Tewksbury, T. W. (2000). Empowerment and work teams. In G.R. Ferris, S.D. Rosen, & D, T. Barnum (Eds.), Handbook of human resources management (pp.386-403).Oxford, England: Blackwell.
Luthans, Fred & Jonathan P. Doh. 2014. Manajemen Internasional: Budaya, Strategi, dan Perilaku. Edisi Ke-8. Buku Ke-2. Jakarta. Salemba Empat.
Meyer, J.P. and Allen, N.J. (1997), Commitment in the Workplace: Theory, Research, and Application, Sage, Newbury Park, CA.
Meyerson and Kline (2008), Psychological and environmental empowerment: Antecedents and consequences, Leadership and organization Development Journal 29 (5) 444-460. DOI:1108/01437730810887049.
Montani, F., Odoardi, C. and Battistelli, A. (2014), “Individual and contextual determinants of innovative work behaviour: proactive goal generation matters”, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 87 No. 4, pp. 645-670
Nijenhuis Koen K (2015). Impact Factors For Employee Innovative Work Behavior In the Public Sector. Unpublished dissertation, Business administration program, University of Twente. Retrivied from http://essay.utwente.nl/67809/1/Nijenhuis_MA_MB.pdf.
Pieterse, A.N. et al. 2010. “Transformational and Transactional Leadership and Innovative Behavior: The Moderating Role of Psychological Empowerment”. Journal of Organizational Behavior. Vol. 31: 609–623.
Reuvers, Engen,Vinkenburg and Wilson-Evered (2008), Transformational Leadership and Innovative Work Behaviour: Exploring the Relevance of Gender Differences, Creativity and Innovation Management 17(3). DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8691.2008.00487.x.
Rhoades, L. & Eisenberger, R. (2002). Perceived organizational support: a review of the literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 698-714.
Robbins, Stephen P. dan Timothy A. Judge. 2018. Perilaku Organisasi. Organizational Behavior ( Buku 1, Edisi Ke-12). Jakarta: Salemba Empat.
Sholihin, Mahfud, and Dwi Ratmono. 2013. Analisis SEM-PLS Dengan WarpPLS. 3.0. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Andi. Stimson, R.J., R.R. Stough and M. Salazar. 2002.
Spreitzer, G.M., (1995). “Psychological Empowerment in The Workplace: Dimensions, Measurement, and Validation”. The Academy of Management Journal: 38 (5) 1442-1465.
Sugiyono. (2011). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&Bandung: Afabeta
Thomas, K., & Velthouse, B. A. (1990). Cognitive Element of Empowerment: An "Interpretive" Model of Intrinsic Task Motivation. Academy of Management Review, 666-681 Vol. 15 No.4.
Walker, R.M. and Damanpour, F. (2008) Innovation type and organizational performance: An empirical exploration in Managing improvement in public service delivery: Progress and prospects, Cambridge Univ. Press, 217–35.
Yuan, F., & Woodman, R. W. (2010). Innovative behavior in the workplace: The role of performance and image outcome expectations. Academy of Management Journal, 53(2), 323-342.
Yukl, Gary. 2015. Kepemimpinan dalam organisasi (edisi ketujuh). (Ati Cahayani, Trans). Jakarta: PT. Indeks.
Zhang, X. and Bartol, K.M. (2010), “Linking empowering leadership and employee creativity: the influence of psychological empowerment, intrinsic motivation, and creative process engagement”, The Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 53 No. 1, pp. 107-128.
EQUILIBRIUM: Jurnal penelitian Pendidikan dan Ekonomi is licensed under a Creative Commons CC-BY-SA. This is the very permissive of the Creative Commons licences and allows for maximum dissemination and use of the licenced work with appropriate credit. The licence permits others to use, reproduce, disseminate or display the article in any way, including for commercial purposes, so long as they credit the author for the original creation. In case of remix, transform, or build upon the material, distribution of your contributions under the same license as the original.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material
- for any purpose, even commercially.
You can find details of the licence below.Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
