ESTIMASI POPULASI MACAN DAHAN SUNDA (Neofelis diardi) DI TAMAN NASIONAL BUKIT BARISAN SELATAN

Dedi Suryadi, Toto Supartono, Iing Nasihin

Abstract


Sumatra’s deforestation in the last few decades give a serious threat to wildlife, especially species that rely heavily on large landscapes of primary forest. Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP) is one of the last bastions of wildlife that must be protected. To date, BBSNP has 3 important species as mainly focused, the Sumatran tiger, Sumatran elephants and Sumatran rhinos. But on the other side, several species also need attention, that is the vulnerable medium-size cat Sunda Clouded Leopard. Here we present the first density estimates for the Sunda clouded leopard in BBSNP using data from tiger camera trap surveys. This research was conducted in three survey periods, Intensive Protection Zone (IPZ) BBSNP 2015 (63 camera stations), North BBSNP 2018 (61 camera stations) and IPZ BBSNP 2019 (65 camera stations). Because the clouded leopard has a distinctive skin pattern on each individual, the estimation method used was SECR (Spatially Explicit Capture-Recapture) which is commonly applied for tigers. Because of its semi-arboreal nature, in this study, the measurement of the canopy opening at each camera station was also carried out to determine whether it affects the probability of detection. The result showed that Sunda clouded leopard density in IPZ BBSNP 2015 was 1.2 (95% CI = 0.56-2.55) ind/100 km2, in North BBSNP 2018 was 0.86 (95% CI = 0.42-1.76) ind/100 km2 and in IPZ BBSNP 2019 was 1.06 (95% CI = 0.49 -2.26) ind/100 km2. The measurement results of the canopy opening showed that almost all locations were in a very tight cover so that analysis could not be carried out to determine the effect on the probability of detection

Deforestasi di Sumatera dalam beberapa dekade terakhir memberikan ancaman serius terhadap satwa liar, terutama spesies yang sangat bergantung pada bentang alam hutan primer yang luas. Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan (TNBBS) merupakan salah satu benteng terakhir satwa liar yang wajib dilindungi. Hingga saat ini, TNBBS mempunyai 3 spesies penting yang menjadi fokus utama, yaitu harimau sumatera, gajah sumatera, dan badak sumatera. Namun di sisi lain, beberapa spesies juga perlu mendapat perhatian, salah satunya adalah kucing berukuran sedang yang rentan, Macan Dahan Sunda. Di sini kami menyajikan perkiraan kepadatan pertama macan dahan Sunda di TNBBS dengan menggunakan data dari survei kamera jebakan harimau. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tiga periode survei, yaitu Zona Perlindungan Intensif (IPZ) TNBBS 2015 (63 stasiun kamera), TNBBS Utara 2018 (61 stasiun kamera) dan IPZ TNBBS 2019 (65 stasiun kamera). Karena macan dahan mempunyai pola kulit yang khas pada setiap individunya, maka metode estimasi yang digunakan adalah SECR (Spatially Explicit Capture-Recapture) yang umum diterapkan pada harimau. Karena sifatnya yang semi arboreal, maka dalam penelitian ini juga dilakukan pengukuran bukaan kanopi pada setiap stasiun kamera untuk mengetahui apakah berpengaruh terhadap kemungkinan deteksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kepadatan macan dahan Sunda di IPZ TNBBS tahun 2015 sebesar 1,2 (95% CI = 0,56-2,55) ind/100 km2, di TNBBS Utara tahun 2018 sebesar 0,86 (95% CI = 0,42-1,76) ind/100 km2 dan di IPZ TNBBS tahun 2019 sebesar 1,06 (95% CI = 0,49 -2,26) ind/100 km2. Hasil pengukuran bukaan kanopi menunjukkan hampir seluruh lokasi berada pada tutupan yang sangat rapat sehingga tidak dapat dilakukan analisis untuk mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap probabilitas deteksi


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.25134/wanaraksa.v16i01.9013

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