THE MYTH OF METAPHOR SYMBOLS IN SPEECH I HAVE A DREAM
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Abstract
The speech I Have A Dream is Martin Luther King's political speech, delivered in front of the Lincoln Memorial on August 28, 1963. In the text of speech there are several metaphorical symbols (language style) in conveying his message and protest attitude against the American legal and political system which is considered unfair. To fully understand the meaning and message of the speech, the research question is "What is the meaning of the mythical metaphorical symbol in Martin Luther King’s I Have A Dream?" In analyzing the metaphorical symbols in the speech, the researcher used Roland Barthes' semiotic approach and the research procedure used descriptive qualitative form. The results of this study found that the metaphorical symbols in I Have A Dream's speech used various syntactic patterns, namely: 1) using adjective word patterns such as symbolic shadow, beacon light, flames of withering, long night; 2) using noun patterns such as manacles, chains, island, ocean, languished, land, shameful, valley, hill, mountain, crooked place; 3) use a verb pattern as in the phrase to blow off steam, a rude awakening, returns to business
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Zakaria, Z., Hasyim, M., & Tundreng, S. (2022). THE MYTH OF METAPHOR SYMBOLS IN SPEECH I HAVE A DREAM. English Review: Journal of English Education, 10(3), 1035-1044. https://doi.org/10.25134/erjee.v10i3.6702
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Zakaria. (2016). The ballot or the bullet: A speech of Malcolm X. Journal of English Education, 1(2): 147-157.
Agan, Y. & Dermawan, T. (2022). Botanical metaphors in the collection of poem Pengantar Kebahagiaan by Faidi Rizal Alief: A study of ecostylistic. Journal of Language, Literature, and Arts, 2(8), 1065-1078.
Anang., & Maskub. (2022). Fungsi metafor politik dalam media massa. Edu-Kata, Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra dan Pembelajarannya, 8(1), 44-50.
Barthes, R. (1972). Mythologies. The Nooday Press.
Blakmore, E. (2020). Jim crow laws created slavery by another name. History and Culture, Race in America. National Geographic. https://www.nationalgeographic.com
Bradley, S. (2016). Icon, index, and symbol-three categories of sign. Vanseo Design. https://vanseodesign.com
Candria, M. (2019). Stylistics and linguistic analyses of literary works. Culturalistics: Journal of Cultural, Literary, and Linguistic Studies, 3(1), 29-34.
Carrasco, W. J. (2015). From the sign to the passage: A Saussurean perspective. Texto! Textes et cultures, 20, 1-16.
Chenoweth, E. & Stephan, M. (2016). How the world is proving Martin Luther King right about non-violence (bagaimana dunia membuktikan kebenaran gagasan anti-kekerasan Martin Luther King. Washington Post. https://www.nonviolent-conflict.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/How-the-world-is-proving-Martin-Luther-Bahasa-Indonesia.pdf
Culler, J. (1981). The pursuit of signs: Semiotics, literature deconstruction. Roudledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. London.
Hasyim, M. (2017). The metaphore of consumerism. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 8(3), 523-530. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.0803.10
Hasyim, M. et al. (2020). Semiotic model for equivalence and non-equivalence in translation. Human & Social Sciences Reviews, 83(3): 381-391. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.8341
Istikomah (2021). The significance of linguistics in the study of philosophy. Hortatori: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan sastra Indonesia, 5(1): 51-60. https://doi.org/10.30998/jh.v5i1.631
Lestari, N. W. (2021). Isi pidato “I Have A Dream” Martin Luther King. Kompas. https://www.kompas.com
Kravets, L. V., Siuta, H. M., Struhanets, L. V., Struhanets, Y. B. (2021). Cognitive (conceptual) metaphor in the Ukrainian poetic discourse. Journal of Language and Linguistic Study, 17(2), 1308-13019.
Maharani P., Wahidy, A., & Effendi, D. (2020) Analisis makna dan fungsi mitos di desa Pulau Beringin kecamatan Kikim Selatan kabupaten Lahat. Jurnal Didactique Bahasa Indonesia, 1(1) 1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.52333%2Fdidactique.v1i1.595
Ngabalin, M. (2022). Rasisme dan kaum tertindas: Perjuangan Nir kekerasan Martin Luther King Jr. dan implikasi bagi masyarakat Papua. Arumbae: Jurnal Ilmiah Teologi dan Studi Agama, 2(2), 123-136.
Punto, H. E. (2020). Simbol: Arti, fungsi, dan implikasi metodologisnya Eko Punto Hendro. Endogami: Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Antropologi, 3(2), 158-165.
Sankaravelayuthan, R. (2018). An introductory course on semantics and pragmatics. Russian Journal of Economics, 48(2), 123-154.
Sarwadi., Yadnya, I. B. P., Beratha, N. L. S., & Puspani, I. A. M. (2019). Function and meaning of metaphors in the Palm-Leaf manuscript of Cilinaya Written in Sasak Language and its translation. e-Journal of Linguistics, 13(1), 43-55.
Shavkatovna, D. S. (2020). The lexical semantic properties of the symbol. International Journal on Integrated Education, 3(9), 177-180.
Simanjuntak, A. (2019). Metaphor and simile in English context: Do they know the differences? ReiLA: Journal of Research and Innovation in Language, 1(2), 55-60.
Surahmat (2019). Bentuk dan fungsi metafor dalam penggunaan duka cita masyarakat Pantura Jawa Tengah. Jurnal Sastra Indonesia, 8(3), 251-258.
van Niekerk, A. (2018). The use of indexical signs, symbols, and icons in print advertising communication. Communitas: University of the Free State, 23(7),
Widyaningsih, L. (2021) Analisis gaya bahasa dalam kumpulan puisi Kekasihku karya Joko Pinurbo: Kajian stilistika. Academica, Jounal of Multidiscipliner Study, 5(1), 105-120.
Yusuf, M. (2021). Metafora dan metonimi sebagai sembentuk polisemi. Jurnal Pesona, 7(1), 61-71.
Zakaria. (2020). Simbol metafor dalam tradisi Ma’pandan di Kab. Mamasa. [Unpublished dissertation]. Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar.
Zakaria. (2016). The ballot or the bullet: A speech of Malcolm X. Journal of English Education, 1(2): 147-157.