Phyllanthus amarus Schum Dan Bioaktivitasnya
Abstract
Phyllantus amarus Schum (PA) merupakan salah satu tumbuhan obat yang telah lama digunakan untuk mengatasi gangguan ginjal khususnya sebagai peluruh batu ginjal. Berbagai penelitian telah dilakukan untuk melihat hubungan pemanfaatan tumbuhan sebagai obat tradisional berhubungan dengan senyawa bioaktif dan bioaktivitasnya.Penulisan artikel ini didasarkan pada studi literatur pada berbagai artikel ilmiah, buku yang terbit secara online maupun offline, kemudian disintesis untuk menjelaskan bioaktivitas PA. PA merupakan salah satu spesies dari famili Phyllantaceae, yang sangat mudah ditemukan diberbagai habitat di Indonesia dan cenderung dianggap sebagai gulma.Walupun PA mudah ditemukan, namun PA juga telah diperjual-belikan oleh pedagang tumbuhan obat di pasar Kabanjahe, Sumatera Utara. Secara etnobotani PA digunakan untuk mengatasi diabetes mellitus, hipertensi, analgesik, malaria, mengatasi batu ginjal, dan diare.PA mengandung senyawa filantin, hipofilantin, filantenol, nirantin, nirurin, kuersetin, rutin, asam galat, isokuersetin dan asam lemak.PA memiliki bioaktivitas sebagai hepetoprotektor, anti disentri, antioksidan, anti kanker dan tumor, dan anti batu ginjal. Pemanfaatan PA sebagai antikanker perlu diteliti lebih lanjut terutama dosis dan cara pemanfaatannya, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai obat alternatif dalam penyembuhan penyakit kanker.
Kata Kunci: Phyllanthus amarus; filantin; anti kanker.
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