Keanekaragaman Makrofauna Tanah Di Lahan Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit PT Agricinal Bengkulu Utara

Abstract

Makrofauna merupakan sekelompok hewan yang memiliki peran sebagai bioindikator terhadap kesuburan tanah.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk  mengetahui keanekaragaman makrofauna tanah di perkebunan kelapa sawit PT Agricinal Bengkulu Utara. Pengambilan sampel dan pengukuran faktor ekologi dilakukan di lahan perkebunan kelapa sawit PT Agricinal Bengkulu Utara pada bulan Februari 2021. Penentuan titik sampling dilakukan dengan teknik simpel Random Sampling yaitu sebanyak 5 titik sampel, dimana pada setiap titik sampel masing-masing dipasang 6 perangkap jebakan dengan jarak 10 m. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode pit fall trap (Jebakan) dan hand shorting. Sampel yang diperoleh di identifikasi di laboratorium Biologi Universitas Muhammadiyah Bengkulu dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan indeks keanekaragman jenis Shannon-Wiener. Berdasarkan hasil penelitan yang telah dilakukan ditemukan sebanyak 14 spesies yaitu Atractomorpha crenulata, Tarbinkieulus portentus, Gryllotalpa orientalis, Eyprepocnemis plorary, Oxya yezonensis, Paraponera clavata, Oecophylla smaragdina, Acanthocephala terminalis, Blattela asahinai, Periplanaeta americana, Achatina fulica, Scolopendra morsitans, Trigoniulus corallines, Lumbricus terrestis. Hasil perhitungan nilai indeks keanekaragaman (H’) didapatkan hasil dengan nilai indeks keanekaragamannya yaitu 1.065811. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa keanekaragman makrofauna tanah di lahan perkebunan kelapa sawit PT Agricinal dikategorikan sedang (1 ≤ H ≤ 3).

Macrofauna is a group of animals that have a role as a bioindicator of soil fertility. This study aims to determine the diversity of soil macrofauna in the oil palm plantation of PT Agricinal Bengkulu Utara. Sampling and measurement of ecological factors were carried out on the oil palm plantation of PT Agricinal Bengkulu Utara in February 2021. Determination of sampling points was carried out using a simple random sampling technique of 5 sample points, where at each sample point 6 traps were installed with a distance of 10 meters. Sampling was carried out using the pit fall trap and hand shorting method. The samples obtained were identified in the Biology laboratory of the University of Muhammadiyah Bengkulu and analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener species diversity index. Based on the results of the research that has been carried out, there were found as many as 14 species, namely Atractomorpha crenulata, Tarbinkieulus portentus, Gryllotalpa orientalis, Eyprepocnemis plorary, Oxya yezonensis, Paraponera clavata, Oecophylla smaragdina, Acanthocephala terminalis, Blattela asahigonica, Periplanaeta Lumbricus terrestis. The results of the calculation of the diversity index value (H') are obtained with the diversity index value of 1.065811. Thus, it can be concluded that the soil macrofauna diversity in PT Agricinal's oil palm plantations is categorized as moderate (1 ≤ H ≤ 3).