Patterns of Corporate Criminalization as Perpetrators of Environmental Crimes in Nickel Mining
Abstract
This study discusses the main issues: first, what is the pattern of punishment for corporations that commit environmental crimes. Related to laws and regulations, in general, laws related to this issue are administrative law and criminal law. First, administrative law related to the concept of pollution and environmental damage by corporations and administrative sanctions. Second, criminal law related to the environment, including corporate criminal acts in the environmental field as stipulated in the criminal provisions of Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management. The urgency of criminal responsibility for corporations as perpetrators of environmental crimes is because corporate criminal acts in the environmental sector have widespread and complex negative impacts so that they not only cause direct harm to society and the environment but also disrupt the country's financial and economic stability, given the The environmental crimes are committed with economic motives. The pattern of sentencing against corporations that commit environmental crimes in the PPLH Law should contain provisions related to sentencing patterns based on environmental conservation which include aggravation of criminal fines, regulation of the implementation of criminal fines, and sanctions for remedial action due to criminal acts.
References
Ali, Mahrus. Pola Pemberatan Ancaman Pidana Berbasis Konservasi Lingkungan Hidup: Kajian atas Undang-Undang di Bidang Lingkungan Hidup dikutip dari website: aifisdigilib.org/uploads/1/3/4/6.
Bakhri, Syaiful. Perkembangan Stelsel Pidana Indonesia, Ctk.Pertama, Total Media, Yogyakarta, 2009.
Faure, Michael dan Göran Skogh. The Economic Analysis Of Environmental Policy And Law An Introduction, Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, United Kingdom, 2003.
Hartiwiningsih. Hukum Lingkungan Dalam Perspektif Kebijakan Hukum Pidana, Ctk. Pertama, Surakarta: UPT Penerbitan dan Percetakan UNS (UNS Press), 2008.
Hovenamp, Herbert. ”Rationality in Law and Economics”, George Washington Law Review, No. 60, Tahun 1992.
Jonkers, J.E. Buku Pedoman Hukum Pidana Hindia Belanda, Cetakan Pertama (Jakarta: Bina Aksara).
Kristian. Urgensi Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Korporasi, dikutip dari website: jhp.ui.ac.id/index.php/article/36.
Lamintang, P.A.F. Hukum Penitensier Indonesia, Armico, Bandung, Edisi Pertama.
Miles, Thomas. J. “Empirical Economics and Study of Punishment and Crime”, University of Chicago Legal Forum, 237, 2005.
Saleh, Roeaslan. Stelsel Pidana di Indonesia, Cetakan Kelima (Jakarta: Aksara Baru, 1987).
Setiyono, H. “Kejahatan Korporasi Analisis Viktimologi dan Pertanggungjawaban Korporasi Dalam Hukum Pidana”, Edisi kedua, Cetakan Pertama, (Malang: Banyumedia Publishing, 2003).
Shavell, Steven. Economic Analysis of Public Law Enforcement and Criminal Law, Chapter 21-Page 6, dikutip dari website: http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract_id=382200.
Sholehuddin, M. Sistem Sanksi Dalam Hukum Pidana, Edisi Pertama, (Jakarta: Rajagrafindo Persada, 2004).
Sjahdeini, Sutan Remi. “Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Korporasi”, (Jakarta: Grafiti Pers, 2006).
Sudarto, Hukum Pidana Jilid I A.
Sugianto, Fajar. Economic Approach to Law, Jakarta: Prenada Media, Cetakan Kedua, 2015.
Utrecht, Rangkaian Sari Kuliah Hukum Pidana II.
Copyright Notice
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
UNIFIKASI is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
