SOCIAL CRITIQUE IN MERDEKA SHORT STORY BY PUTU WIJAYA: A DYSTOPIAN LITERATURE APPROACH
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Changes in a society produce social critiques which in turn become a means of communicating new ideas in addition to assessing old ideas for social change, in short as a vehicle for the conservation and reproduction of a social system. Social critique can be conveyed through literary works; this is seen from the short story of Merdeka by Putu Wijaya. Through a dystopian literary approach and supported by related theories and concepts, it is revealed that this short story is full of social critiques as a result of the author's observations of his environment. The flow of dystopia is generally speculative, presenting a catastrophic or chaotic landscape of the future civilization of the world. Dystopian literature is always associated with socio-political discourse. Overall this research is carried out using a qualitative descriptive method with the aim of presenting a complete picture of the social setting and clarification of social phenomena in the short story of Merdeka and then synchronizing it with social reality. The results show that the forms of social critique conveyed by the author is lack of self-introspection, social gap and environmental damage. These three forms of social critique if uncontrolled can cause chaos in the social system because the main result is conflict, the color of dystopian literature.
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Manugeren, M., Purwarno, P., Siwi, P., Ekalestari, S., & Wulan, S. (2022). SOCIAL CRITIQUE IN MERDEKA SHORT STORY BY PUTU WIJAYA: A DYSTOPIAN LITERATURE APPROACH. English Review: Journal of English Education, 10(3), 855-864. https://doi.org/10.25134/erjee.v10i3.6621
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Attridge, D. (2017). The singularity of literature. Routledge.
Beauchamp, M. R., Crawford, K. L., & Jackson, B. (2019). Social cognitive theory and physical activity: mechanism of behavior change, critique, and legacy. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 42, 110-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.11.009.
Beresin, E. V., and Olson, C. K. (2019). Child and adolescent psychiatry and the media. Elsevier.
Bianchin, M. (2019). Ideology critique and social structures. A Journal of Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 22(2), 184-196. https://doi.org/10.1080/14409917.2019.1676942.
Busetto, L. (2020). How to use and assess qualitative research methods. Neurological Research and Practice, 2(14), Article 4. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s42466-020-00059-z.
Campbell, J. W. (2019). The order and the other. Mississippi University Press.
Capozzi, F., and Ristic, J. (2018). How attention gates social interactions. The New York Academy of Sciences, special issue(2018), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.13854.
Chen, Y., Liang, C., & Chai, D. (2018). Understanding wechat users’ behavior of sharing social crisis information. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 34(4), 356-366. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2018.1427826.
Connell, R. (2018). Decolonizing sociology. Contemporary Sociology.
Dalton, R. J. (2017). The participant gaps. social status and political inequality. Oxford University Press.
Derrida, J. (2015). Acts of literature. Routledge.
DiEdwardo, M. P. (2019). Spatializing social justice. Hamilton Books.
Eagleton, T. (2017). What is literature? Routledge.
Eriksen, T. H. (2020). Common denominators: ethnicity, nation-building and compromise in mauritius. Routledge.
Fitzsimmons, R. and Wilson, C. A. (2020). Themes and trends in contemporary young adult fiction. University Press of Mississippi.
Heng, M. S. H. (2017). A study of nation building in malaysia. Cross Mark, 34(1), 217-247. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12140-017-9275-0.
Herrero, D., & Royo-Grasa, P. (2021). Introduction – special issue dystopian scenarios in contemporary australian narrative. Humanities, 10(3), 90-96. https://doi.org/10.3390/h10030090.
Horan, T. (2018). Desire and empathy in twentieth century dystopian fiction. Springer Link.
Jargin, S. V. (2021). Environmental damage and overpopulation: demographic aspects. Journal of Environmental Studies, 7(1), 1-4.
Jerkovic, S. V., and Alihodzic, D. (2018). The hunger games in bosnia-herzegovinian context: the study of the effects of young adult dystopian literature on high school students. Drustvene i humanisticke studdije. 3(1), 223-238. http://dhs.ff.untz.ba/index.php/home/article/view/89.
Khan, K. E., & Rasool, H. (2022). The future of work and dystopian literature: thoughts and reflections. Journal of Workplace Behavior, 3(1), 21–31. https://charisma-jwb.com/index.php/jwb/article/view/112
Kusumawardhani, W. (2017). Self-introspection in the search of identity in serat jayengbaya by ranggawarsita [Paper presentation]. International Conference on Industrial Technology for Sustainable Development (ICon-ITSD), Makassar, Indonesia.
Langford, M. (2018). Critiques of human rights. Annual Reviews, 14, 69-89.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-110316-113807.
Lewis, M. C. (2018). A critique of the principle of error correction as a theory of social change. Cambridge University Press.
Matamoros-Fernandez, A., and Farkas, J. (2021). Racism, hate speech, and social media: a systematic review and critique. Television & New Media, 22(2), 205-224. https://doi.org/10.1177/1527476420982230.
Merrill, K. L., Smith, S. W., Cumming, M. M., & Daunic, A. P. (2017). A review of social problem-solving interventions: past findings, current statues, and future directions. Review of Educational Research, 87(1), 71-102. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654316652943.
Mooney, L. A., Clever, M., & Willigen, M. V. (2021). Understanding social problems. Cengage Learning.
Moylan, T. (2020). The necessity of hope in dystopian times: a critical reflection. Utopian Studies, 31(1), 164–193. https://doi.org/10.5325/utopianstudies.31.1.0164
Roepke, W. (2017). The social crisis of our time. Routledge.
Saraswati, S. (2018). The idea of nation building in july’s people. Literary Herald, 4(4), 254-258.
Seeger, S., & Davidson-Vecchione, D. (2019). Dystopian literature and the sociological imagination. Thesis Eleven, 155(1), 45-63. https://doi.org/10.1177/0725513619888664.
Smith, K. E. (2017). Young adult literature: dystopian worlds: Teacher created materials. Christianbook.
Steinmann, Z. J. N., Schipper, A. M., Hauck, M., Giljum, S., Wernet, G., & Huijbregts, M. A. J. (2017). Resource footprints are good proxies of environmental damage. Environmental Science & Technology, 51(11), 6360-6366. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b00698.
Stoner, P. (2007). Dystopian literature: evolution of dystopian literature
from we to the hunger games. Merge, 1(Spring), 1-28. https://athenacommons.muw.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1003&context=merge
Sugiyono. (2017). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif, R & D. Alfabeta.
Umeanolue, I. L. (2018). Critique against social injustice in the book of amos: its relevance to development in Nigeria. Unizik Journal of Arts and Humanities, 19(2), 182-192. http://10.4314/ujah.v19i2.10
Vestner, T., Gray, K. L. H., Cook, R. (2020). Why zre social interactions found quickly in visual search tasks? Elsevier, 200, Article 104270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104270.
Wijaya, P. (2021). Merdeka. https://www.untaianabjad.com/cerpen-merdeka-karya-putu-wijaya.
Wimmer, A. (2018). Nation building: why some countries come together while others fall apart. Taylor & Francis.
Zaitov, E. K., & Teshayev, D. M. (2022). Family conflict and divorce as a social problem. Eurasian Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 5, 1–5. https://www.geniusjournals.org/index.php/ejhss/article/view/517.