Potensi dan Toksisitas Coprinus sp. Liar pada Jerami Padi di Indonesia

Mega Putri Amelya, Ivan Permana Putra, Rudy Hermawan, Rahayu Nurzakiah

Abstract


Jamur merupakan bahan nutraceutical dengan kegunaan dan kandungan nutrisi yang beragam. Jamur liar yang tumbuh di sawah merupakan salah satu alternatif bahan konsumsi oleh sebagian masyarakat Indonesia. Umumnya, masyarakat lokal tersebut merambah jamur jerami (Volvariella volvacea). Namun, beberapa kelompok jamur coprinoid seperti Coprinus spp. juga terdistribusi pada relung yang sama. Bagi non-mikolog atau orang yang telah berpengalaman, tubuh buah muda dari kedua jamur tersebut seringkali sulit dibedakan. Hal ini disebabkan karena morfolonya yang mirip. Selain bermanfaat untuk kesehatan, beberapa spesies dari Coprinus juga memiliki kandungan racun. Selama 2010-2020, terdapat 11 kasus keracunan (48 orang) setelah mengkonsumsi jamur jerami liar di Indonesia. Coprinus merupakan jamur yang cosmopolitan sehingga sangat mudah ditemukan di Indonesia. Jamur ini bisa dimakan hanya padafase mudanya ketika lamelanya belum menghitam atau tudungnya belum meluruh. Keracunan yang muncul diduga disebabkan oleh senyawa coprine dari jamur ini. Informasi terkait karakter identifikasi sederhana dan resiko toksisitas dari jamur Coprinus liar perlu disampaikan ke mayarakat guna mencegah terjadinya keracunan jamur liar di Indonesia.


Keywords


Coprinus; Wild Mushroom; Straw; Nutrition; Toxicity

Full Text:

PDF

References


Adakita. 2012. Sekeluarga di Ngawi Keracunan Jamur Sawah. https://www.adakitanews.com/sekeluarga-di-ngawi-keracunan-jamur-sawah/. Diakses pada 10 Juli 2020.

Avci, E., Avci, G.A., & Kose, D.A. 2014. Determination of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of medically important mushrooms using different solvents and chemical composition via GC/MS analyses. Journal of Food and Nutrition Research, 29(8), 429–34. https://doi.org/10.12691/jfnr-2-8-1.

Boa, E. 2004. Wild Edible Fungi: A Global Overview of Their Use and Importance to People. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nations.

BPS [Badan Pusat Statistik]. 2020. Luas Lahan Sawah Menurut Provinsi. https://bps.go.id/linkTableDinamis/view/id/895. Diakses pada 10 Juli 2020.

Chang, S.T., & Miles, P. 2004. Cultivation Techniques. Mushroom, Cultivation, Nutritional Value and Medicinal Effect and Environmental Impact. New York: CRS Press

Fahmi, M.I. 2017. Diduga Keracunan Jamur, Satu Keluarga Dilarikan ke Rumah Sakit. https://regional.kompas.com/read/2017/07/12/15565851/diduga.keracunan.jamur.satu.keluarga.dilarikan.ke.rumah.sakit?page=all. Diakses pada 10 Juli 2020.

Garcia-Delgado, C., Alonso-Izquierdo, M., Gonzales-Izquierdo, M., Yunta, F., & Eymar, E. 2017. Purification of polluted water with spent mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) substrate: from agricultural waste to biosorbent of Phenanthrene, Cd and Pb. Environmental Technology, 38(13-14), 1792–1799. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2016.1246614.

Hsieh, H.-M., & Ju, Y.-M. 2018. Medicinal components in Termitomyces mushrooms. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 102(12), 4987–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-018-8991-8.

Index Fungorum. 2020. Coprinus. http://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/Names.asp. Diakses 12 Agustus 2021.

Iskandar, Y.R. 2014. Satu Keluarga Keracunan Jamur Sawah. https://bandung.bisnis.com/read/20141102/549/1053615/satu-keluarga-keracunan-jamur-sawah. Diakses pada 10 Juli 2020.

Jo, W.-S., Hossain, M.A., & Park, S.-C. 2014. Toxicological profiles of poisonous, edible, and medicinal mushrooms. Microbiology, 42(3), 215–20. https://doi.org/10.5941/MYCO.2014.42.3.215.

Kumar, R.S., & Sarathi, V. 2017. Screening of competitor mould in oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida) cultivation and their management. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 6(1), 264–1270. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.601.032.

Li, X., Wang, Y., Pan, Y., Yu, H., Zhang, X., Shen, Y., & et al. 2017. Mechanisms of Cd and Cr removal and tolerance by macrofungus Pleurotus ostreatus HAU-2. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 330, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.01.047.

Lima, A.D.L., Fortes, C., Novaes, M.R.C.G., & Percario, S. 2012. Poisonous mushrooms; a review of the most common intoxications. Nutricion Hospitalaria, 27(2), 402–8. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0212-16112012000200009.

Mammilianus, S. 2012. Lima Warga Marapokot Keracunan Jamur. https://www.tribunnews.com/regional/2012/03/21/lima-warga-marapokot-keracunan-jamur. Diakses pada 10 Juli 2020.

Money, N.P. 2016. Are mushrooms medicinal? Fungal Biology, 120(4), 449–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2016.01.006.

Muzakki, K. 2017. Satu Keluarga di Banjarnegara Keracunan Jamur dan Mi Oseng. https://www.tribunnews.com/regional/2017/07/12/satu-keluarga-di-banjarnegara-keracunan-jamur-dan-mi-oseng. Diakses pada 10 Juli 2020.

Nowakowski, P., Naliwajko, S.K., Markiewicz-Zukowska, R., Borawska, M.H., & Socha, K. 2020. The Two Faces of Coprinus comatus- functional properties and potential hazards. Phytotherapy Research, 34, 2932–44. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6741.

Peredy, T.R. 2014. Mushrooms, Coprine. Encycl. Toxicol. (Third Ed). Elsevier. 407–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-386454-3.00754-5.

PT. 2011. Makan Jamur, Satu Keluarga Keracunan. https://www.jpnn.com/news/makan-jamur-satu-keluarga-keracunan. Diakses pada 10 Juli 2020.

Putra, I.P. 2020a. Record on macroscopic fungi at IPB University Campus Forest: description and potential utilization. Indonesian Journal of Science and Education, 4(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.31003/ijose.v4i1.2180.

Putra, I.P. 2020b. Catatan beberapa jamur makro di Pulau Belitong : deskripsi dan potensinya. Bioeduscience, 4(1), 11–20. https://doi.org/10.29405/j.bes/4111-204416.

Putra, I.P. 2020c. Kasus-kasus keracunan jamur liar di Indonesia. Jurnal Ekologi Kesehatan, in Press.

Putra, I.P., & Hafazallah, K. 2020. Catatan Komunitas Pemburu Jamur Indonesia : Kolaborasi Lintas Profesi dan Generasi Mengenai Etnomikologi Jamur-Jamur Indonesia. Sukabumi: Haura Publishing.

Putra, I.P., Amelya, M.P., Hadizh, N., & Zamia, H.Z. 2019b. Catatan beberapa jamur makro di Hutan Kampus Institut Pertanian Bogor. Biota, 12(2), 57–71. https://doi.org/10.20414/jb.v12i2.192.

Putra, I.P., Mardiyah, E., Amalia, N.S., & Mountara, A. 2017. ragam jamur asal serasah dan tanah di Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon Indonesia. Jurnal Sumberdaya HAYATI, 3(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.29244/jsdh.3.1.%25p.

Putra, I.P., Nasrullah, M.A., & Dinindaputri, T.A. 2019a. Study on diversity and potency of some macro mushroom at Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park. Buletin Plasma Nutfah, 25(2), 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/blpn.v25n2.2019.p1-14.

Putra, I.P., Sitompul, R., & Chalisya, N. 2018. Ragam dan potensi jamur makro asal Taman Wisata Mekarsari Jawa Barat. Al-Kauniyah, 11(2), 133–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v11i2.6729.

Ratnaningtyas, N.I., Hernayanti, Ekowati, N., Sukmawati, D. & Widianti, H.. 2019. Chicken drumstick mushroom (Coprinus comatus) ethanol extract exerts a hypoglycaemic effect in the rattus norvegicus model of diabetes. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101050.

Respublika. 2017. Satu Keluarga Keracunan Jamur Jerami. https://www.respublika.id/2017/12/06/satu-keluarga-keracunan-jamur-jerami/. Diakses pada 10 Juli 2020.

Reyes, R.G., Lopez, L.L.M.A., Kumakura, K., Kalaw, S.P., Kikukawa, T., & Eguchi, F. 2009. Coprinus comatus, a newly domesticated wild nutriceutical mushroom in the Philippines. Journal of Agricultural Technology, 5(2), 299–316. Available online: http://www.ijat-rmutto.com.

Setiadi, A.F. 2012. Keracunan Jamur: Satu Keluarga Keracunan Setelah Santap Malam. https://www.solopos.com/keracunan-jamur-satu-keluarga-keracunan-setelah-santap-malam-186919. Diakses pada 10 Juli 2020.

Sharma, V.P., Kumar, S., & Kamal, S. 2015 Coprinellus and Coprinopsis: aggressive competitors of button mushroom during rainy season cultivation. International Research Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 2, 155–63.

Siddhant, Yadav, S., Mishra, R., & Singh, R. 2014. Effect of substrate disinfection on the biological efficiency of Pleurotus sajor-caju (FR). Singer. Plant Archives, 14, 205–9.

Ucu, K.R. 2013. Warga Demak Keracunan Jamur Kuping. https://www.republika.co.id/berita/nasional/jawa-tengah-diy-nasional/13/05/23/mn91ga-warga-demak-keracunan-jamur-kuping. Diakses pada 10 Juli 2020.

Wang, X.-M., Zhang, J., Wu, L.-H., Zhao, Y.-L., Li, T., Li, J.-Q., & et al. 2014. A mini-review of chemical composition and nutritional value of edible wild-grown mushroom from China. Food Chemistry, 151, 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.11.062.

Wu, H., Tang, S., Huang, Z., Zhou, Q., Zhang, P., & Chen, Z. 2016. Hepatoprotective effects and mechanisms of action of Triterpenoids from Lingzhi or Reishi Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (Agaricomycetes) on Į-Amanitin-Induced Liver Injury in mice. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 18(9), 841–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.v18.i9.80.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2023 Quagga: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Biologi

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

SLOT ONLINE

SLOT ONLINE

SLOT GACOR

SLOT GACOR

SLOT GACOR

SLOT GACOR

SLOT GACOR

SLOT GACOR

SLOT GACOR

SLOT GACOR

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BACKLINK BOKEP INDO BY SEO JEMBUT

BACKLINK BOKEP INDO BY SEO JEMBUT

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

">BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

">BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

">BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BACKLINK BOKEP INDO BY SEO JEMBUT

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BOKEP INDO

BACKLINK BOKEP INDO BY SEO JEMBUT

https://spbuciliwung.com/

http://202.4.189.210/

https://abkrusia.tabitha.com/

http://188.166.187.228/nginx/

https://thinkcat.mywhc.ca/menyalaabangku/

https://thinkcat.mywhc.ca/sawercuan/

https://h2h.web.uinjambi.ac.id/

https://www.pasar.klungkungkab.go.id/js/

https://sijangkar.perhubungan.jatengprov.go.id/assets/js/

https://salto.poltekip.ac.id/css/

https://www.appem.kuningankab.go.id/img/

https://bandungkab.go.id/tests/

https://dev.layana.id/pemeriksaan/

QUAGGA : Jurnal Pendidikan dan Biologi

ISSN 1907-3089 (print), ISSN 2651-5869 (online)

Organized by Biological Education Study Program, Faculty of Teachers Training and Education, Universitas Kuningan, Indonesia.

Website : https://journal.uniku.ac.id/index.php/quagga/index

Email : [email protected]

Address : Jalan Cut Nyak Dhien No.36A Kuningan, Jawa Barat, Indonesia.


View My Stats

Lisensi Creative Commons
Ciptaan disebarluaskan di bawah Lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa 4.0 Internasional.