Tanggung Jawab Negara Asal Wabah terhadap Pandemi Menurut Hukum Internasional (Studi Kasus Pandemi Covid-19)
Abstract
The covid-19 case has spread to almost all countries in the world causing harm, so some countries want to hold China accountable as the country suspected of being the origin of the virus. This research aims to know, understand, and analyze the regulatory responsibilities of countries in international law and whether or not the country of origin of the covid-19 outbreak is held accountable for a global covid-19 pandemic. This research is normative legal research with a statutory approach. The results of this study explain that there are characteristics that must be met to hold China accountable for the covid-19 case, but it is not easy for China to be held accountable for this covid-19 case.
Kasus covid-19 telah menyebar di hampir semua negara di dunia yang menyebabkan kerugian, sehingga beberapa negara ingin meminta pertanggungjawaban kepada Tiongkok selaku negara yang diduga menjadi asal virus tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui, memahami dan menganalisis pengaturan tanggung jawab negara dalam hukum internasional dan dapat atau tidak negara asal wabah covid-19 dimintai pertanggungjawaban terhadap suatu pandemi covid-19 yang meluas secara global. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa terdapat karakteristik yang harus dipenuhi untuk meminta pertanggungjawaban kepada Tiongkok atas kasus covid-19, tetapi sangat jelas tidak mudah untuk Tiongkok dimintai pertanggungjawaban atas kasus covid-19 ini.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDF (Bahasa Indonesia)References
ABC News. “Thousands Sign up to US Class Action to Sue China over Coronavirus.” ABC News. Last modified 2020. Accessed June 16, 2020. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-20/coronavirus-china-sued-american-class-action-germany-sends-bill/12164106.
Abdurrahman, Soejono. Metode Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2003.
Abudi, Ramly, Yasir Mokodompis, and Allika Nurfadias Magulili. “Stigma Terhadap Orang Positif Covid-19.” Jambura Journal of Health Sciences and Research 2, no. 2 (2020): 77–84.
Adolf, Huala. Aspek-Aspek Negara Dalam Hukum Internasional. Jakarta: Rajawali, 2002.
———. Aspek-Aspek Negara Dalam Hukum Internasional. Jakarta: Rajawali, 1991.
Black, Henry Campbell. A Dictionary of Law. Edited by Elizabeth A. Martin. 5th ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. http://repository.out.ac.tz/1652/1/Oxford_Dictionary_of_Law_5th_Edition.pdf.
CNN Indonesia. “Pengakuan Dokter Di Wuhan Yang Dibungkam China Karena Corona.” CNN Indonesia. Last modified 2020. Accessed June 17, 2020. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/internasional/20200312131002-113-482853/pengakuan-dokter-di-wuhan-yang-dibungkam-china-karena-corona.
Davidson, Helen. “First Covid-19 Case Happened in November, China Government Records Show - Report.” The Guardian. Last modified 2020. Accessed June 17, 2020. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/13/first-covid-19-case-happened-in-november-china-government-records-show-report.
Diantha, I Made Pasek. Metodologi Penelitian Hukum Normatif Dalam Justifikasi Teori Hukum. Jakarta: Prenada Media Group, 2016.
Djelantik, Sukawarsini. “Kerjasama Global Menangani the ‘Great Lockdown’; Pendekatan Diplomasi Multijalur.” Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional 0, no. 0 (2020): 113–120.
Fernandes, Nuno. “Economic Effects of Coronavirus Outbreak ( COVID-19 ) on the World Economy Nuno Fernandes Full Professor of Finance IESE Business School Spain.” SSRN Electronic Journal, ISSN 1556-5068, Elsevier BV, (2020): 0–29.
Garner, Bryan A. Black’s Law Dictionary. 10th ed. New York: Claitors Pub Division, 2014.
Gorbalenya, Alexander E, Susan C Baker, Ralph S Baric, Raoul J de Groot, Christian Drosten, Anastasia A Gulyaeva, Bart L Haagmans, et al. “The Species Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Related Coronavirus: Classifying 2019-NCoV and Naming It SARS-CoV-2.” Nature Microbiology 5, no. 4 (2020): 536–544. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-020-0695-z.
Hawker, Luke. “China Must Pay Britain £351bn in Coronavirus Damages - Report Calls for UN to Step In.” Express. Last modified 2020. Accessed June 17, 2020. https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/1265235/Coronavirus-uk-news-boris-Johnson-china-compensation-fee-henry-Jackson-society.
Hingorani, R.C. Modern International Law. New York: Oceana Publication, 1984.
Hopkins, Johns. “Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Cases Data.” Last modified 2020. Accessed August 25, 2020. https://data.humdata.org/dataset/novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov-cases.
Kamradt-Scott, Adam. “The International Health Regulations (2005).” International Organizations Law Review 16, no. 2 (2019): 242–271.
Nicola, Maria, Zaid Alsafi, Catrin Sohrabi, Ahmed Kerwan, Ahmed Al-Jabir, Christos Iosifidis, Maliha Agha, and Riaz Agha. “The Socio-Economic Implications of the Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19): A Review.” International Journal of Surgery 78, no. April (2020): 185–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.018.
Ong, Sean Wei Xiang, Yian Kim Tan, Po Ying Chia, Tau Hong Lee, Oon Tek Ng, Michelle Su Yen Wong, and Kalisvar Marimuthu. “Air, Surface Environmental, and Personal Protective Equipment Contamination by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) From a Symptomatic Patient.” JAMA 323, no. 16 (April 28, 2020): 1610. https://jamanetwork.com/.
Ristyawati, Aprista. “Efektifitas Kebijakan Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar Dalam Masa Pandemi Corona Virus 2019 Oleh Pemerintah Sesuai Amanat UUD NRI Tahun 1945.” Administrative Law & Governance Journal 3, no. 2 (2020): 240–249. https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/alj/article/view/7989.
Sefriani. Hukum Internasional: Suatu Pengantar. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers, 2010.
Shaw, Malcolm N. International Law. 6th ed. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
Staff, Jerusalem Post. “Israel, US Law-Firms Sue China for Trillions over Coronavirus.” Jerusalem Post. Last modified 2020. Accessed June 16, 2020. https://www.jpost.com/health-science/israel-us-law-firms-sue-china-for-trillions-of-dollars-over-coronavirus-625128.
Sujatmoko, Andrey. Tanggung Jawab Negara Atas Pelanggaran Berat HAM: Indonesia, Timor Leste Dan Lainnya. Jakarta: Grasindo, 2005.
Syah, Rizqon H. “Dampak Covid-19 Pada Pendidikan Di Indonesia: Sekolah, Keterampilan, Dan Proses Pembelajaran.” SALAM: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i 7, no. 5 (2020).
UNESCO. “Education: From Disruption to Recovery.” Last modified 2020. Accessed June 16, 2020. https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse.
Unknown, “Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI).” Accessed June 16, 2020. https://kbbi.web.id/pandemi.
WHO. “Pertanyaan Dan Jawaban Terkait Coronavirus.” World Health Orgnatization (WHO). Last modified 2020. Accessed June 16, 2020. https://www.who.int/indonesia/news/novel-coronavirus/qa-for-public.
———. “WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard.” World Health Organization (WHO). Last modified 2020. Accessed June 16, 2020. https://covid19.who.int/.
———. “WHO Director-General’s Opening Remarks at the Media Briefing on COVID-19 - 11 March 2020.” World Health Organization (WHO). Last modified 2020. Accessed June 16, 2020. https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020.
———. “WHO Timeline - COVID-19.” World Health Organization (WHO). Last modified 2020. Accessed June 17, 2020. https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/27-04-2020-who-timeline---covid-19.
Zhang, Tao, Qunfu Wu, and Zhigang Zhang. “Probable Pangolin Origin of SARS-CoV-2 Associated with the COVID-19 Outbreak | Elsevier Enhanced Reader.” Current Biology 30 (2020): 1346–1351.
Zhou, Peng, Xing-Lou Yang, Xian-Guang Wang, Ben Hu, Lei Zhang, Wei Zhang, Hao-Rui Si, et al. “A Pneumonia Outbreak Associated with a New Coronavirus of Probable Bat Origin.” Nature Microbiology 579 (2020): 270–273.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25134/logika.v12i01.3756
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Logika : Jurnal Penelitian Universitas Kuningan
ISSN 2085-997X (print), ISSN 2715-4505 (online)
Organized by Faculty of Law, Universitas Kuningan, Indonesia.
Website : https://journal.uniku.ac.id/index.php/logika/index
Email : [email protected]
Address : Jalan Cut Nyak Dhien No.36A Kuningan, Jawa Barat, Indonesia.
Logika is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0