EXPLORING PRAGMATIC DEVELOPMENT IN 4-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN: AN INTERACTIONALIST PERSPECTIVE

Siti Salamah, Zultiyanti Zultiyanti

Abstract


Many studies of pragmatic acquisition in Indonesia have been carried out, but they are only limited to aspects of speech acts. For this reason, it is necessary to have an in-depth study related to aspects of acquiring pragmatics in children. This research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method. This study aims to describe the main issues regarding pragmatic acquisition in children aged 4 years. The research data was obtained at ABA Nitikan Yogyakarta Kindergarten. As for the technique of data collection, it was done by observation method with recording and note-taking techniques. Data analysis uses the Miles & Huberman flow model. The validity of the data is achieved by triangulation of methods and theories. Data triangulation was carried out by extracting data from three sources, namely in-depth observations in class, audio recordings of class interactions and reflective analysis of field notes. Theoretical triangulation is carried out by comparing the results of research data acquisition with relevant theoretical perspectives to avoid the researcher's individual bias on the resulting findings or conclusions. The results of a study of the acquisition of pragmatics in children show that 4 years old children in ABA Nitikan Yogyakarta Kindergarten have acquired the aspects of Joint Attention (JA) as much as 4%, Common Ground (CG) 9%, Convention and Contrast (CC) 11%, Feedback and Repair (FR) 9%, and Speech Act (SA) 67%.

Keywords


interactionalist, pragmatic acquisition, pragmatic aspects

Full Text:

PDF

References


Adamson, Lauren B., Bakeman R., and Deckner, D.F. (2004). The development of symbol-infused joint engagement. Child Development.

Butterworth, G., and Morissette, P. (1996). Onset of pointing and the acquisition of language in infancy. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 14(3), 219-23.

Pramita C., Basri, I. Agustina. (2019). Pemerolehan Bahasa dari Segi Fonologi, Sintaksis, dan Semantik Anak Usia 3;5 Tahun (Studi Kasus Pada Raja). Jurnal Edukasi Khatulistiwa Pembelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, 2(2), Oktober 2019.

Carpenter, M., Nagell, K., and Tomasello, M. (1998). Social cognition, joint attention, and communicative competence from 9 to 15 months of age. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 63.176.

Casillas, M. A., Bobb, S. B. & Clark, E. V. (2014). Turn taking, timing, and planning in early language acquisition. Unpublished ms, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.

Chouinard, M. M. & Clark, E. V. (2000). Adult reformulations of child errors as negative evidence. Journal of Child Language.

Clark, E. V. & de Marneffe, M.-C. (2012). Constructing verb paradigms in French: adult construals and emerging grammatical contrasts. Morpholgy.

Clark, E. V. & Kurumada, C. (2013). ‘Be brief’: necessity or choice? In L. Goldstein (ed.), Brevity,. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Clark, E. V. & Wong, A. D.-W. (2002). Pragmatic directions about language use: words and word meanings. Language in Society.

Clark, E. V. (2010). Adult offer, word-class, and child uptake in early lexical acquisition. First Language.

Clark, E. V. (2014). Common ground. In B. MacWhinney & W. O’Grady (eds), The handbookof language emergence. London: Wiley-Blackwel.

Dardjowidjojo, S. (2003). Psikolinguistik. Pengantar Pemahaman Bahasa Manusia. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia.

Ervin-Tripp, S., Guo, J., & Lampert, J. (1990). Politeness and persuasion in children’s control acts. Journal of Pragmatics, 14, 307–31.

Clark, E.V. (2014) Pragmatics in acquisition. Journal of Child Language / Volume 41 / Supplement S1 / July 2014, pp 105 - 116 DOI: 10.1017/S0305000914000117, Published online: 15 July 2014.

https://books.google.co.id/books?id=E2SA8ao0yMAC

Huberman, A.M., Miles, M.B. (1994). An Expanded Sourcebook Qualitative Data Analysis Second Edition. California: Sage Publications.

Hyde, D. C., Jones, B. L., Flom, R., & Porter, C. L. (2011). Neural signatures of facevoice synchrony in 5-month-old human infants. Developmental Psychobiology, 53(4), 359-370. doi: 10.1002/dev.20525.

Markus, J, Mundy, P., Morales, M., Delgado, C.E.F., and Yale., M. (2000). Individual differences in infant skills as predictors of child-caregiver joint attention and language. Social Development 9.302–15.

Mey, J.L. (2001). Pragmatics: An Introduction. Malden: Balckwell Publishing.

Morales, M., Mundy, P. Delgado, C.E.F., Yale, M., Messinger, D.S., Neal, R., and Schwartz, H.K. (2000). Responding to joint attention across the 6- to 24-month age period and early language acquisition. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 21.283–98.

Ninio, A., & Snow, C. (1996). Pragmatic development. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Nurjanah, S., Triana, L., Nirmala, A.A. (2020). Pemerolehan Bahasa Pada Anak Usia 1-3 Tahun dan Implikasinya terhadap Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di SMA. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Indonesia (JPPI) Vol. 5, No. 3, September - Desember 2020 ISSN 2477-2240 (Media Cetak). 2477-3921 (Media Online).

Salnita, Y.E., Atmazaki, Abdurrahman. (2019). Pemerolehan Bahasa pada Anak Usia 3 Tahun, Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 3 (1), 137–145. DOI: 10.31004/obsesi.v3i1.159.

Suardi, I.P., Ramadhan, S., Asri Y.(2019). Pemerolehan Bahasa Pertama pada Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 3(1), 265–273. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v3i1.160

Tomasello, M. (1999). The cultural origins of human cognition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Tomasselo, M. (1995). Joint attention as social cognition. In C. Moore & P. J. Dunham (eds), Joint attention: its origins and role in development,. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum .

Trisna, A., Husein, R., Pulungan, A.H. (2020). Learning Pragmatic Aspects Acquired by a Three-Year-Old Indonesian Child. Proceedings of the 5th Annual International Seminar on Transformative Education and Educational Leadership (AISTEEL 2020). Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, Volume 488. Atlantis Press SARL.

Trisnadewi, K. (2020). Penyederhanaan Fonologi Pemerolehan Fonologis dalam Pemerolehan Bahasa Pertama: Studi Kasus Anak Usia 1;9 Bulan. Jurnal Kulturistik , 4(2), Juli 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22225/kulturistik.4.2.1870 .

Vygotsky, L. S. (1987). Thinking and Speech. In R. W. Rieber, & A. S. Carton (Eds.), The Collected Works of L. S. Vygotsky (Vol. 1), Problems of General Psychology (pp. 39-285). New York: Plenum Press.

Wulandari, D.I. (2018). Pemerolehan Bahasa Indonesia Anak Usia 3-5 Tahun di PAUD Lestari Desa Blimbing Kecamatan Paciran Kabupaten Lamongan. Lingua Franca: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya, 2(1), 74–83.

Yule & Searle (2005). Yule, G., & Widdowson, H. G. (1996). Pragmatics. OUP Oxford.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.25134/erjee.v12i1.9355

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2024 English Review: Journal of English Education