An Analysis of Senior High School English Learning Materials: Microlearning Perspectives
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Abstract
Microlearning is becoming more popular in education due to its convenience, flexibility, and effectiveness. The popularity emerges from the use of chunking of materials in short and understandable components that makes it easier for learners to attain the information at their convenience. Preferably, learning materials are microlearning-designed. However, since not many teachers are well-informed about microlearning, the existing learning materials may not be microlearning-based designed. Studies focusing on this issue are relatively limited. This study aims to analyze whether English learning materials at senior high school are designed based on microlearning principles. Twenty four English learning materials covering various types of materials including textbook, e-module, webpage, as well as, pre-recorded teaching and YouTube videos designed for grade X, XI, and XII collected from three senior high schools in Jakarta were analyzed using microlearning framework. The findings of this study show that the existing learning materials do not conform to microlearning principles. The results of this study reveals the needs to design microlearning-based materials, break the lesson units into micro contents, and produce microlearning object materials for English lessons in high schools.
Key Words: microlearning, English learning materials, microlearning object materials
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Referensi
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Allela, M. (2021). Introduction to microlearning. Commonwealth Learning Materials & Open Educational Resources (OER).
Ariantini, N. P. D., Sudatha, I. G. W., & Tegeh, I. M. (2019). Pengembangan animasi pembelajaran berbasis microlearning pada kelas III Sekolah Dasar Mutiara Singaraja tahun pelajaran 2018/2019. Jurnal EDUTECH Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, 7(1), 23–32.
Beard, D., Schwieger, D., & Surendran, K. (2007). Bridging the academic/industrial chasm for the millennial generation. Information Systems Education Journal, 5(3).
Crompton, H., & Burke, D. (2018). The use of mobile learning in higher education: A systematic review. Computers & Education, 123, 53-64.
Drakidou, C. (2018). The use of micro-learning for the acquisition of language skills in mlll context. Technological Innovation for Specialized Linguistic Domains.
Hense, J., & Bernd, M. (2021). Podcasts, microcontent & MOOCs. EMOOCs 2021, 289.
Hutauruk, A. J. B., Situmorang, A. S., & Sitorus, P. (2022). Constructing microlearning design for mathematics learning in school. Advances in SocialScience, Education and Humanities Research, 1, 211219. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211219.001
Iglikova, R. (2020). Microcontent patterns in a bulgarian beauty vlog: a case study of Boryana Stefanovas Youtube channel. KNOWLEDGE-International Journal, 42(6), 1141- 1144.
Kapp, K. M., & Defelice, R. A. (2019). Microlearning: Short and sweet. ATD Press.
Khlaif, Z. N., & Salha, S. (2021). Using TikTok in education: a form of micro- learning or nano-learning? Interdisciplinary Journal of Virtual Learning in Medical Sciences, 12(3), 213-218.
Krippendorff, K. (2004). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. SAGE.
Leong, K., Sung, A., Au, D., & Blanchard, C. (2020). A review of the trend of microlearning. Journal of Work-Applied Management, 13(1), 88–102. https://doi.org/10.1108/jwam-10-2020-0044
Moleong, L. J. (2021). Metodologi penelitian kualitatif. PT Remaja Rosdakarya.
Norsanto, D., & Rosmansyah, Y. (2018). Gamified mobile micro-learning framework: A case study of civil service management learning. 2018 International Conference on Information and Communications Technology (ICOIACT), pp. 146-151. doi: 10.1109/ICOIACT.2018.8350765.
Nugraha, H., Rusmana, A., Khadijah, U., &Gemiharto, I. (2021). microlearning sebagai upaya dalam menghadapi dampak pandemi pada proses pembelajaran. JINOTEP (Jurnal Inovasi Dan Teknologi Pembelajaran): Kajian Dan Riset Dalam Teknologi Pembelajaran, 8(3), 225–236. https://doi.org/10.17977/um031v8i32021p225
Olivier, J. (2021). Creating microlearning objects within self- directed multi modal learning contexts. Microlearning in the Digital Age, 169– 188. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367821623-15
Rafli, M. A., & Adri, M. (2022). Pengembangan micro-learning pada mata kuliah kewirausahaan di Universitas Negeri Padang berbasis media. Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai, 6(1), 1149–1156. https://doi.org/10.31004/jptam.v6i1.3044
Rahmadi, I. F., Lavicza, Z., & Houghton, T. (2021). Defining microgames in education context. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET).
Redondo, R. P. D., Ktena, A., Kunicina, N., Zabasta, A., Patlins, A., &Mele, D. E. (2020, November). Advanced practices: micro learning, practice-oriented teaching and gamified learning. In 2020 IEEE 61st International Scientific Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering of Riga Technical University (RTUCON) (pp. 1-7). IEEE.
Surahman, E., Sulthoni, S., Ulfa, S., Husna, A., Ramdiana, H., At Thaariq, Z. Z., Setiawan, A. B., & Qolbi, M. S. (2020). Pelatihan micro learning object berbasis tpack bagi guru-guru SMA di garut. Abdimas Pedagogi: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 3(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.17977/um050v3i1p1-14
Tennyson, C. D., Smallheer, B. A., & De Gagne, J. C. (2022). Microlearning strategies in nurse practitioner education. Nurse educator, 47(1), 2-3.
Tomlinson, B. (2012). Materials development for language learning and teaching. Language Teaching, 45(2), 143–179.
Tritore, E.G. (2022) Pengembangan video pembelajaran sebagai microlearning pada topik ikatan ion Indonesia sma kelas x. Undergraduate thesis, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha.
Wakam, G. K., Palmon, I., Kulick, A. A., Lark, M., Sonnenday, C. J., & Waits, S. A. (2022). Adapting to the times: combining microlearning videos and twitter to teach surgical technique. Journal of Surgical Education.
Adhipertama, I. M. C. (2021). Pengembangan media video pembelajaran berdasarkan prinsip microlearning pada mata pelajaran IPA kelas vii semester genap tahun 2019/2020 di SMP Negeri 2 Singaraja.Undergraduate thesis: Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha.
Allela, M. (2021). Introduction to microlearning. Commonwealth Learning Materials & Open Educational Resources (OER).
Ariantini, N. P. D., Sudatha, I. G. W., & Tegeh, I. M. (2019). Pengembangan animasi pembelajaran berbasis microlearning pada kelas III Sekolah Dasar Mutiara Singaraja tahun pelajaran 2018/2019. Jurnal EDUTECH Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, 7(1), 23–32.
Beard, D., Schwieger, D., & Surendran, K. (2007). Bridging the academic/industrial chasm for the millennial generation. Information Systems Education Journal, 5(3).
Crompton, H., & Burke, D. (2018). The use of mobile learning in higher education: A systematic review. Computers & Education, 123, 53-64.
Drakidou, C. (2018). The use of micro-learning for the acquisition of language skills in mlll context. Technological Innovation for Specialized Linguistic Domains.
Hense, J., & Bernd, M. (2021). Podcasts, microcontent & MOOCs. EMOOCs 2021, 289.
Hutauruk, A. J. B., Situmorang, A. S., & Sitorus, P. (2022). Constructing microlearning design for mathematics learning in school. Advances in SocialScience, Education and Humanities Research, 1, 211219. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211219.001
Iglikova, R. (2020). Microcontent patterns in a bulgarian beauty vlog: a case study of Boryana Stefanovas Youtube channel. KNOWLEDGE-International Journal, 42(6), 1141- 1144.
Kapp, K. M., & Defelice, R. A. (2019). Microlearning: Short and sweet. ATD Press.
Khlaif, Z. N., & Salha, S. (2021). Using TikTok in education: a form of micro- learning or nano-learning? Interdisciplinary Journal of Virtual Learning in Medical Sciences, 12(3), 213-218.
Krippendorff, K. (2004). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. SAGE.
Leong, K., Sung, A., Au, D., & Blanchard, C. (2020). A review of the trend of microlearning. Journal of Work-Applied Management, 13(1), 88–102. https://doi.org/10.1108/jwam-10-2020-0044
Moleong, L. J. (2021). Metodologi penelitian kualitatif. PT Remaja Rosdakarya.
Norsanto, D., & Rosmansyah, Y. (2018). Gamified mobile micro-learning framework: A case study of civil service management learning. 2018 International Conference on Information and Communications Technology (ICOIACT), pp. 146-151. doi: 10.1109/ICOIACT.2018.8350765.
Nugraha, H., Rusmana, A., Khadijah, U., &Gemiharto, I. (2021). microlearning sebagai upaya dalam menghadapi dampak pandemi pada proses pembelajaran. JINOTEP (Jurnal Inovasi Dan Teknologi Pembelajaran): Kajian Dan Riset Dalam Teknologi Pembelajaran, 8(3), 225–236. https://doi.org/10.17977/um031v8i32021p225
Olivier, J. (2021). Creating microlearning objects within self- directed multi modal learning contexts. Microlearning in the Digital Age, 169– 188. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367821623-15
Rafli, M. A., & Adri, M. (2022). Pengembangan micro-learning pada mata kuliah kewirausahaan di Universitas Negeri Padang berbasis media. Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai, 6(1), 1149–1156. https://doi.org/10.31004/jptam.v6i1.3044
Rahmadi, I. F., Lavicza, Z., & Houghton, T. (2021). Defining microgames in education context. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET).
Redondo, R. P. D., Ktena, A., Kunicina, N., Zabasta, A., Patlins, A., &Mele, D. E. (2020, November). Advanced practices: micro learning, practice-oriented teaching and gamified learning. In 2020 IEEE 61st International Scientific Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering of Riga Technical University (RTUCON) (pp. 1-7). IEEE.
Surahman, E., Sulthoni, S., Ulfa, S., Husna, A., Ramdiana, H., At Thaariq, Z. Z., Setiawan, A. B., & Qolbi, M. S. (2020). Pelatihan micro learning object berbasis tpack bagi guru-guru SMA di garut. Abdimas Pedagogi: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 3(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.17977/um050v3i1p1-14
Tennyson, C. D., Smallheer, B. A., & De Gagne, J. C. (2022). Microlearning strategies in nurse practitioner education. Nurse educator, 47(1), 2-3.
Tomlinson, B. (2012). Materials development for language learning and teaching. Language Teaching, 45(2), 143–179.
Tritore, E.G. (2022) Pengembangan video pembelajaran sebagai microlearning pada topik ikatan ion Indonesia sma kelas x. Undergraduate thesis, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha.
Wakam, G. K., Palmon, I., Kulick, A. A., Lark, M., Sonnenday, C. J., & Waits, S. A. (2022). Adapting to the times: combining microlearning videos and twitter to teach surgical technique. Journal of Surgical Education.